State breakdown and Army-Splinter Rebellions

Violent Rebellions and Criminal States

A legitimate state uses violence to enforce contractual agreements within its territory. Criminal organizations may enforce transactions that are legally restricted or banned, or otherwise ignored by the legitimate state. In this sense, criminal organizations may also function as states. Legitimate states may be threatened by violent rebellions. I model how legitimate states and rebellions may ...

Osler's nodes, Janeway lesions and splinter haemorrhages.

To cite: Hirai T, Koster M. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/ bcr-2013-009759 DESCRIPTION A 22-year-old man with a history of intravenous heroin misuse, presented with 1 week of fatigue and fever. Blood cultures were positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Physical examination showed multiple painful 1– 2 mm macular rashes on the palm ...

State Regulation, Family Breakdown, and Lone Motherhood

Using a range of parish records, records from the Registrar General of Scotland, charity organizations, and media reports, this article contributes to the historiography which evaluates the effects of World War I in Britain as well as the history of lone mothers and their children. It highlights how during the war, women, especially lone mothers, made significant gains through the welfare syste...

Shrapnel splinter in the common bile duct.

Obstructive jaundice is infrequently caused by a foreign body. We report a 42-year-old man who presented with obstructive jaundice by an impacted shrapnel splinter in the common bile duct (CBD) 23 years after a combat injury. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of this type in Iranian literature, although there are a few reports of combat related injuries in other countries. This di...

Army Medical Service and the Army Estimates